Liquefied Gas Handling Principles on Ships and in Terminals emphasises the importance of understanding the physical properties of gases in relation to the practical operation of gas handling equipment on ships and at terminals.

In the sixteen years since this publication was last updated, the liquefied gas shipping and terminal industry has undergone considerable change. This revision reflects these changes, providing updated information on ship design, propulsion systems, size of fleet, floating regasification and reliquefaction, Arctic LNG, containment systems, efficiency increases in operations, ship capacities, technology, best practice and legislation.

This title incorporates 'Quantity Calculations LPG and Chemical Gases, 2nd Edition' (SIGTTO).

This book demonstrates how risk assessment may be used to develop response and protection strategies for support craft. It considers the ‘top events’ that will typically concern operators of support craft (i.e. loss of containment, collision/grounding, loss of position, and evacuation, rescue and pollution prevention) and discusses the threats, barriers and consequences of each event, highlighting the part that support craft can play in mitigating risk through planning and operational readiness.

The text is supported with colour illustrations and photographs, as well as diagrams showing the ‘bowtie’ method of risk assessment and management.

Annexes provide useful information on:

- Response considerations and planning
- Equipment and capabilities of support craft
- Water-spray systems
- Support craft emergency response competencies
- Fire and gas dispersion modelling

This title incorporates A Contingency Planning and Crew Response Guide for Gas Carrier Damage at Sea and in Port Approaches, 3rd Edition (SIGTTO) and A Guide to Contingency Planning for the Gas Carrier Alongside and Within Port Limits, 2nd Edition (SIGTTO).

This book was created by an Inter-Industry Working Group, including members of the International Chamber of Shipping, Oil Companies International Marine Forum, Society of International Gas Tankers and Terminal Operators Ltd and the International Salvage Union. It address aspects of contingency planning relevant to liquefied gas carriers and also provides the recommended crew responses to emergency situations that are causing damage to ships. The purpose of this book is to provide information that is useful to the operating management of gas carriers in developing contingency planning for ships of the fleet. These plans are in addition to the required Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP). It should be noted that new rules, e.g. the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 1978, as amended in 1995 (STCW Convention), chapter IX of SOLAS and The International Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention, now require ships, and in the case of ISM the operator’s office, to have contingency plans in place.

The second edition of this book specifically deals with the safe storage and transfer of liquefied gases at marine terminals. It can also be adapted to be used at a terminal that handles any hazardous substance in bulk. It provides terminal management with guidance on contingency planning, including identifying and controlling potential hazards, controlling incidents and the review periods.

The 1st Edition of this guide was originally prepared in 1989 by a joint industry working group made up of members of OCIMF, ICS and SIGTTO. The document has been revised and extended to include 'Guidelines for Preparing and Co-ordinating a Major Ship/Shore Emergency Exercise' and was published by SIGTTO in 1994. This was the third guide in a series. The first was 'Contingency Planning for the Gas Carrier at Sea and in Port Approaches', first published in 1983 and updated in 1998. The second in the series was 'Contingency Planning for the Gas Carrier Alongside and Within Port Limits' published in 1987 and updated in 1998.

A joint action between the IMO and the Environment Office of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP IE) in 1996 adapted an existing process, 'Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level (APELL)' to port areas. The APELL process was developed as a response to various industrial accidents that have had a detrimental effect on the environment.

The main APELL recommendations for port areas that are included in this publication are the Seveso II Directive (Control of Major Accident Hazard Regulations (COMAH) in the UK) which is applicable to all sites where dangerous substances are located. On and off site emergency plans must be available at sites within the EU where this directive is applicable.

This guide is not a code of practice or intended to cover all types of major industrial accident. The local and national legislation should always be considered when using the guide.

These suggested standards are useful for all types of LNG carriers, regardless of size. They are relevant to any officer that is involved in the entire LNG cargo cycle operation, including the role of cargo engineer.

It is the responsibility of the owner to decide the appropriate level and type of training required, as part of a formal competence management system. Additional training, not covered by this document, may be required for specific operations or equipment.

Examples of incidents that were brought to the attention of SIGTTO include: • In 1987, a member of the working group visited a small pressurised LPG carrier in the Far East. While there he had to persuade the ship’s Chief Engineer, dressed in shorts, against decanting odourant from a drum and injecting it into the cargo tank using a semi-rotary pump and plastic hose. • In 1997, a ship owning member of the Society was asked to carry out cargo odourisation using ethyl mercaptan that was supplied by the receiver in 40 gallon (209 litre) drums. The discharge port was in the tropics. After a short time, the drums started to bulge due to the high ambient temperature. The ship’s staff cooled down the drums by using a cool water spray, preventing them from rupturing. • In 1998, the Master of an LPG carrier was asked for permission for terminal staff to board the ship and odourise the cargo during discharge. A senior manager was concerned about the equipment that was to be used and vetoed the operation. The cargo was discharged unodourised.

There are many publications that teach the correct way of performing the multitude of tasks making up our profession. These publications can be helpful and many of the specialist subjects dealt with are essential. But what we are trying to learn constantly at sea, whatever our rank or experience, is how to blend the ‘correct’ with the ‘possible’ to produce a feasible result that will get us and the ship through another day unscathed

This publication is a comprehensive guide to liquefied petroleum gas sampling. It covers the entirety of the process from beginning to end and looks at:

- The basic reasons for taking cargo samples
- Sampling connections, eg open and closed loop systems
- Types of sample containers
- Recommended standard sample connections
- Safe procedures for taking samples

It has been fully updated by a working group made up of several industry experts and coordinated by SIGTTO.

This book provides guidance for shipowners and operators who are new to LNG ship operation. It highlights the relevant statutory requirements for training LNG tanker crews, the STCW that are applicable to gas tankers, and the application of the ISM Code (for training and management of tanker crews). This book draws on the experience of SIGTTO member companies who have extensive operating expertise in this area.

SIGTTO's LNG Emergency Release Systems (1st Edition, 2017) is a comprehensive guide for operators and maintainers of LNG Emergency Release Systems (ERS) to ensure the safety of life, protection of the environment and protection of property during operations.

Developed with the input of manufacturers, terminal operators and LNG shippers, this title has been produced using a risk-based approach and covers the structure, workings and evolution of ERS as well as recommendations, guidelines and best practices for its usage.

ERS hazards and risk management are also covered in a detailed final section, and two annexes provide competencies and training guides and suggested further reading.